What is the MRE11a gene?

What is the MRE11a gene?

MRE11 meiotic recombination 11 homolog A (MRE11) is a gene that encodes a nuclear protein that functions in homologous recombination, the maintenance of telomere length, and DNA double-strand break repair.

What does MRE11 do?

MRE11 has a role in microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) repair of double strand breaks. It is one of 6 enzymes required for this error prone DNA repair pathway. MRE11 is over-expressed in breast cancers.

What is 53BP1?

53BP1 mediates the recruitment of factors in the cell cycle G1 phase that play a role in NHEJ, V(D)J and CSR. During S phase after exposure to DNA damaging agents, ATM/MOF-dependent phosphorylated 53BP1 interacts with RIF1, which is critical for intra-S-phase checkpoint activation.

What is Rad50?

phosphorylation of Rad50 plays a key regulatory role as an adaptor for specific ATM-dependent downstream signaling through SMC1 for DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint control in the maintenance of genome integrity.

What type of gene is BRCA1?

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are two genes that are important to fighting cancer. They are tumor suppressor genes. When they work normally, these genes help keep breast, ovarian, and other types of cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way.

What is NBN mutation?

NBN mutation. Your testing shows that you have a pathogenic mutation or a variant that is likely pathogenic in the NBN gene. 2. Cancer risks. You have an increased chance to develop female breast cancer and possibly other cancers such as ovarian cancer.

How does homologous recombination repair?

Homologous recombination repair is a DNA repair process that includes the invasion of an undamaged DNA molecule by a damaged molecule of identical or very similar sequence. Resynthesis of the damaged region is accomplished using the undamaged molecule as a template.

What is the ATM gene responsible for?

The ATM gene provides instructions for making a protein that is located primarily in the nucleus of cells, where it helps control the rate at which cells grow and divide.

What is γ H2AX?

Phosphorylation of the Ser-139 residue of the histone variant H2AX, forming γH2AX, is an early cellular response to the induction of DNA double-strand breaks. Detection of this phosphorylation event has emerged as a highly specific and sensitive molecular marker for monitoring DNA damage initiation and resolution.

What is yh2ax?

H2A histone family member X (usually abbreviated as H2AX) is a type of histone protein from the H2A family encoded by the H2AFX gene. An important phosphorylated form is γH2AX (140S), which forms when double-strand breaks appear.

What is RAD50 mutation?

RAD50 homolog (RAD50) is a gene that encodes a protein that functions in double-strand break repair. Missense mutations, nonsense mutations, silent mutations, and frameshift deletions and insertions are observed in cancers such as endometrial cancer, intestinal cancer, and stomach cancer.

What chromosome is RAD50 on?

What is the function of MRE11A?

MRE11A is a component of the MRN complex, which consists of the MRE11A, RAD50 and NBN proteins. The MRN complex plays important roles in DNA double-strand break repair, meiotic recombination, cell cycle checkpoint control, and telomere maintenance.

Does human Ku70/80 protein block exonuclease 1-mediated DNA resection in human MRE11?

Human Ku70/80 protein blocks exonuclease 1-mediated DNA resection in the presence of human Mre11 or Mre11/Rad50 protein complex. The authors show that, in human and mouse, Mre11 controls these events through a direct interaction with CDK2 that is required for CtIP phosphorylation and BRCA1 interaction in normally dividing cells.

Is MRE11 a new therapeutic target against breast cancer?

High MRE11 expression in breast cancer cells was associated with more malignant behavior. MRE11 may be a novel oncoprotein & may serve as a new therapeutic target against breast cancer. Rad50 zinc hook is important for the Mre11 complex to bind chromosomal DNA double-stranded breaks and initiate various DNA damage responses

Does MRE11 cause DNA replication fork degradation?

Unscheduled MRE11 activity triggers cell death but not chromosome instability in polymerase eta-depleted cells subjected to UV irradiation. PCAF-Mediated Histone Acetylation Promotes Replication Fork Degradation by MRE11 and EXO1 in BRCA-Deficient Cells.